GMD Nanjing Government, 1926-36

“United” Republic of China

GMD-CCP Split, April 12, 1927

Right GMD in Nanjing

Left GMD in Wuhan

Chiang Kai-shek Resigns, August 1927

Northern Expedition bogged down
No control over countryside
No tax system

Return of Chiang 1928

Commander-in-chief, March

Loyalty of army
Contacts with Shanghai industrialists

Marriage to Soong Mei-ling, late 1927

Brother-in-law, T. V. Soong

Contacts with Green Gang

Renewed Northern Expedition, March-June 1928

Stalls in Shandong (Map in Spence, p. 330)

Diplomatic resolution of conflict

Feng Yuxiang

Yan Xishan

Zhang Zuolin

Republic re-declared, Oct. 10, 1928

Capital in Nanjing

Beijing (Peking) renamed Beiping (Northern Peace)

Chiang is Chairman of the State Council

Northern warlords give loyalty to government

Why would this cause problems for GMD government?

Military weakness

GMD troops under Chiang Kai-shek’s command

Officers with personal loyalties

Conscripted soldiers

Warlord troops

Officers with personal loyalties

Conscripted soldiers

GMD Politics

Party of social status quo

Purge of communists and leftists

Warlord influence

Officers, Soldiers, Bureaucrats

Corruption

*“Weak authoritarian regime” (Martin, p. 75)

[Below not covered on Exam 2]

C. C. Clique

Chen brothers

Mid-level bureaucrats

Conservative (socio-economic status quo)

*Blue shirts

Military and police
Fascist-inspired

Political Study Clique

Small group of elites

Regional warlords

GMD Finances

Tariffs

Regained control in 1928

Industrial taxes

Hurt Chinese companies

Land taxes

Warlords still control much of China

Direct GMD control in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Anhui

Inefficient system in GMD controlled areas

High tax rates

Corruption

Inefficient system in GMD controlled areas

High tax rates
Alienated rural residents
Corruption

GMD Ideology

GMD Political program

Political repression
Anti-communism

New Life Movement, 1934

“New national consciousness” to socially regenerate China
Public health
Moral and orderly behavior